When choosing the best USB cables for data transfer, consider speed and compatibility. The USB 3.0 Type A Male to Male Cable offers up to 5 Gbps, perfect for quick file sharing. If you’re looking for versatility, the YOTETION 25FT USB3.0 is great for longer distances. For fast charging, the USB A to C Fast Charging Cable supports 10Gbps data transfer. Each option guarantees reliability and efficiency for your devices. Stick around to discover more about choosing the right cable!
Key Takeaways
- Look for USB 3.0 or higher cables for data transfer rates up to 10 Gbps, ensuring fast performance for large files.
- Opt for cables with reinforced connectors and nylon braided jackets, enhancing durability and longevity against wear and tear.
- Verify device compatibility, especially with USB Type C and older connections, to avoid functionality issues during data transfer.
- Consider the cable length based on your setup to minimize tripping hazards while ensuring flexibility in connectivity.
- Evaluate warranty options for peace of mind, with some brands offering benefits like two-year replacements for quality assurance.
USB 3.0 Type A Male to Type A Male Cable (6FT)
- 【High-Speed USB 3.0 A to A Cable】: USB to USB Cable is up to 5 Gbps, 10x faster than USB 2.0 data transfer and provide superior cable performance and error-free data...
- 【Widely Compatibility】: USB Male to Male cord connects a USB peripheral with USB 3.0 type A port to a computer for speedy file transfer.USB a to a cable it compatible...
- 【Durability and Reliable】: 6ft Type a to a usb cable have bare copper conductors, and foil & braid shielding provides superior cable performance, error-free data...
When you’re looking for a reliable cable that delivers high-speed data transfer, the USB 3.0 Type A Male to Type A Male Cable (6FT) stands out as a top choice for both home and office use. This cable supports data transfer speeds of up to 5 Gbps, making it 10 times faster than USB 2.0. It’s perfect for connecting various devices like printers, laptops, and scanners effortlessly. Plus, its sturdy design withstands over 20,000 bends, while gold-plated connectors guarantee a clear signal. Customers appreciate its versatility and robust construction, solidifying it as a must-have accessory.
Best For: Those seeking a high-speed and durable USB connection for various devices at home or in the office.
Pros:
- Fast data transfer speeds of up to 5 Gbps, suitable for demanding applications.
- Durable design with the ability to withstand over 20,000 bends for long-lasting use.
- Compatible with a wide range of devices, enhancing versatility and functionality.
Cons:
- Some users may prefer longer cable lengths for more flexible setup options.
- A few customers noted a preference for thicker cables for higher data transfer stability.
- Limited power output options might not suit all devices requiring higher amperage.
YOTETION 25FT USB3.0 A to C Cable
- WIDE COMPATIBILITY: USB A to USB A cable connects a USB peripheral with USB 3.0 type A port to a computer for speedy file transfer. compatible with Laptop, Laptop Cooling...
- SUPER SPEED TRANSFER:YOTETION Male to male USB Cable (USB to USB Cable) Up to 5 Gbps SuperSpeed for USB 3.0 data transfer, 10x faster than USB 2.0.
- Easy to use: USB 3.0 A-male to A-male cables (USB-to-USB cables) require no drivers and can be used simply by connecting hard drive enclosures, modems, cameras, TV boxes,...
The YOTETION 25FT USB3.0 A to C Cable stands out as an exceptional choice for anyone needing a reliable, long-distance data transfer solution. With its SuperSpeed capability, you can transfer data up to 5 Gbps, making it ten times faster than USB 2.0. Its broad compatibility allows you to connect a range of devices, from laptops to monitors and gaming consoles, simplifying your setup. No drivers are needed; just plug in your peripherals for immediate usage. While notes on durability exist, YOTETION offers a one-year replacement for any quality issues, ensuring you’re supported after your purchase.
Best For: Those looking for a versatile, long-distance USB data transfer solution compatible with a variety of devices.
Pros:
- SuperSpeed data transfer rate of up to 5 Gbps, significantly faster than USB 2.0.
- Wide compatibility with various devices, including laptops, monitors, and gaming consoles.
- Easy plug-and-play functionality with no drivers required for immediate usage.
Cons:
- Some users have reported concerns about durability and stiffness of the cable.
- There have been instances of tripping hazards due to the cable’s length.
- Limited to data transfer and does not support connections between two computers.
Plugable USB Transfer Cable for Data Transfer Between Windows PCs
- Easily Transfer - files and folders when upgrading from an older Windows 11, 10, 8.1, 8, 7, Vista, or XP computer to a newer one. 32-bit and 64-bit versions are...
- Includes Software - A unique 16 character Product Key for Bravura Easy Computer Sync software is attached to the cable ($19.95 value). This software allows you to...
- Protect Sensitive Data: This transfer cable does not require a network connection, no file size restrictions, and is ideal for environments with limited or restricted...
Plugable USB Transfer Cable stands out as an excellent choice for those who need an efficient and reliable way to transfer data between Windows PCs. This cable works with Windows 11 down to XP, ensuring broad compatibility. Using the included Bravura Easy Computer Sync software, you can drag and drop files like documents, music, and videos without size restrictions.
Moreover, the USB 3.0 support means you’ll experience transfer speeds up to 65% faster than traditional network methods. Just remember, programs won’t transfer directly, so you’ll need to reinstall them separately. Enjoy smooth data transfers with trustworthy performance.
Best For: Individuals and businesses looking for an efficient solution to transfer large amounts of data between Windows PCs quickly and reliably.
Pros:
- Supports a wide range of Windows operating systems from Windows 11 to XP, making it versatile for various users.
- USB 3.0 technology enables faster transfer speeds, significantly reducing the time needed for data transfers compared to older methods.
- Lifetime customer support and a 2-year warranty ensure users have help when needed, enhancing the overall ownership experience.
Cons:
- Programs cannot be transferred, requiring users to reinstall them separately from original sources, which can be time-consuming.
- Limited compatibility with certain Windows editions, such as Windows S Mode and Windows Server, which might exclude some users.
- Access limitations with certain file types, such as Outlook PST files, may hinder specific data transfer needs for users.
USB A to USB C Fast Charging Cable (6.6ft, 10Gbps Data Transfer)
- ✅【10Gbps data transfer】: USB C to USB A Cable 3.1/3.2 Gen 2 supports ultra-high speed data transfer up to 10Gbps. you can transfer HD movies or songs in seconds....
- ✅【60W 3A Fast Charging】: USB to USBC Charging Cable, Built-in E-Marker Intelligent Chip delivers stable secure 60W 3A output to charge your device at a blazing-fast...
- ✅【Secure & Reliable】: Unique aluminum alloy case with the reinforced connector. With a tested 10,000 times plug test and 10,000 times bending test ensure maximum...
If you’re in search of a reliable USB A to USB C fast charging cable that meets both data transfer and charging needs, search no more than the Aoybevty USB A to USB C Cable. This 6.6ft cable supports impressive data transfer rates of up to 10Gbps, making it ideal for quick file transfers between devices.
Compatible with a wide range of USB-C devices, including the iPhone 15 and Samsung Galaxy S series, this cable guarantees seamless charging up to 60W. Its durable design, reinforced connectors, and aluminum alloy casing assure longevity, so you can count on it for all your charging and data transfer needs.
Best For: Those seeking a durable and high-speed USB A to USB C cable for fast charging and efficient data transfer between various devices.
Pros:
- High Data Transfer Rate: Supports up to 10Gbps for quick and efficient file transfers.
- Durable Design: Reinforced connectors and aluminum alloy casing ensure long-lasting performance.
- Wide Compatibility: Works with a variety of USB-C devices including iPhones, Samsung Galaxy, and most other USB-C peripherals.
Cons:
- Charging Efficiency Concerns: Some users have noted issues with rapid charging capabilities.
- Length Variability: While 6.6ft is convenient for many, it may be longer than necessary for some setups.
- Requires Specific Charger: Optimal charging requires a 60W or higher charger, which may not be included with all devices.
AINOPE USB 3.0 A to A Male to Male Cable (6.6Ft)
- NOTE: 1. PLEASE KINDLY KNOW this CABLE is USB A TO USB A CABLE (MALE TO MALE) INSTEAD OF male to female or another USB C, USB B, Micro B connect port. 2. This cable DO...
- WIDE COMPATIBILITY: AINOPE USB A to USB A cable connects a USB peripheral with USB 3.0 type A port to a computer for speedy file transfer. It compatible with Laptop,...
- NEVER RUPTURE&NYLON BRAIDED: Unique SR reinforced anti-breaking design, 20,000+ times bending test, premium durability, the solid and sturdy two-shade braided nylon...
When aiming for speedy data transfers and versatile connectivity, seek no alternatives than the AINOPE USB 3.0 A to A Male to Male Cable. With a length of 6.6 feet, this cable allows you to connect laptops to monitors, external hard drives, and various USB 3.0 peripherals effortlessly. Enjoy data transfer rates up to 5Gbps, making it ten times faster than USB 2.0. Its durable design features premium PVC jacketing and gold-plated connectors, ensuring longevity. Plus, it’s plug-and-play, so you won’t need additional drivers. Organize your workspace easily with included sticky buckles for neat cable management.
Best For: Users needing a reliable cable for connecting various USB peripherals such as laptops, monitors, and external hard drives.
Pros:
- High Data Transfer Speed: Achieves transfer rates up to 5Gbps, significantly faster than USB 2.0.
- Durable Construction: Features premium PVC jacketing and gold-plated connectors for enhanced longevity and reliability.
- Plug-and-Play: No additional drivers or software are required, making setup effortless.
Cons:
- Limited Compatibility: Does not support data transmission between two PCs/laptops or video output.
- Length Options: While available in various lengths, the specific 6.6ft option may not suit all users’ spatial requirements.
- Single Connector Type: Only capable of USB A to A connections, limiting use with diverse connectors.
Amazon Basics 256 GB USB 3.1 Flash Drive
- 256GB ultra fast USB 3.1 flash drive with high-speed transmission; read speeds up to 130MB/s
- Store videos, photos, and songs; 256 GB capacity = 64,000 12MP photos or 978 minutes 1080P video recording
- Note: Actual storage capacity shown by a device's OS may be less than the capacity indicated on the product label due to different measurement standards. The available...
The Amazon Basics 256 GB Ultra Fast USB 3.1 Flash Drive stands out as a practical choice for anyone needing substantial storage and speedy data transfer. With a capacity of 256GB, it holds about 64,000 photos or nearly 978 minutes of 1080P video. This drive boasts impressive read speeds of up to 130MB/s and write speeds of 30MB/s, making your file transfers efficient and quick. Its retractable design adds convenience, while the built-in keyhole loop means you can attach it to your keychain. Whether you’re backing up files or sharing media, this flash drive provides reliability and versatility for all your data needs.
Best For: Anyone looking for a reliable and fast USB flash drive with substantial storage capacity for photos and videos.
Pros:
- Fast transfer speeds of up to 130MB/s for efficient file movement.
- Ample storage capacity of 256GB, capable of holding approximately 64,000 photos.
- Stylish, retractable design with a convenient keyhole loop for easy attachment.
Cons:
- Slower write speeds during large data transfers may be a limitation for some users.
- Some users reported heating issues during extended use.
- Requires reformatting for files over 4GB due to default FAT32 format.
SUNGUY 10Gbps USB C Cable for Android Auto & iPhone 15
- 10Gbps Data Transfer: SUNGUY USB 3.1 Gen 2 cable supports super speed data transmission up to 10Gbps, transfer HD movies, songs, file or photos in seconds. Backwards...
- Works with Android Auto: This android auto cable can quick-charge your USB-C devices at up to 3A safe charging power. 56KΩ pull-up resistor provides a safer charging...
- Works with CarPlay: The nylon braided usb c to usb a cable compatible with iPhone 15/15Pro/15 Pro Max/15 Plus CarPlay cable. Supports connecting the iPhone 15 series to...
For anyone seeking a high-performance connection to enhance their Android Auto or iPhone 15 experience, the SUNGUY 10Gbps USB C Cable stands out as an excellent choice. This 1.5FT cable supports data transmission up to 10Gbps, making it perfect for transferring HD movies, files, or photos in mere seconds. You’re not just getting speed; it’s backwards compatible with older USB versions and quick-charges your devices at up to 3A. Users praise its durability and connection quality, citing no disconnections when using Android Auto. Plus, it comes with 24/7 technical support, ensuring you’re never left in a lurch.
Best For: Users seeking a reliable and fast USB-C connection for their Android Auto or iPhone 15 experience.
Pros:
- High-speed data transmission up to 10Gbps for quick file transfers.
- Durable design that prevents wear and tear, ensuring long-lasting use.
- Excellent compatibility across a range of devices, including iPhone 15 and various Android models.
Cons:
- The 1.5FT length may be limiting for some users who prefer more flexibility.
- No support for video output may restrict certain use cases.
- Some users might prefer a longer cable option for versatility.
USB to USB Cable 25FT (Durable Braided, Type A to Type A)
- High-speed Transfer: Data transfer rate up to 5 Gbps, USB 3.0 extension cable is 10x faster than USB 2.0 (480 Mbps), Back up your large data files in seconds and ensures...
- Reinforced & Durability: USB A to USB A cable equipped with gold plated connectors, nylon braided jacket, reinforced SR molding joint and aluminum alloy case, USB...
- High-Performance Design: USB 3.0 cable is excellent for protecting the USB sockets of your devices,to avoid damage and wear in daily frequent plugging and unplugging...
Understanding the importance of a reliable USB cable can greatly enhance your experience with various devices. The USB to USB Cable 25FT (Durable Braided, Type A to Type A) stands out for its high-speed data transfer capabilities, reaching up to 5 Gbps—ten times faster than USB 2.0. This speed is perfect for quickly backing up large files on laptops or transferring data between hard drives and monitors.
Built to last, its gold-plated connectors and nylon braided jacket resist wear and tear, while reinforced joints guarantee longevity. Users report satisfaction with its performance across devices, making it a wise investment for your tech needs.
Best For: Tech enthusiasts and professionals needing a reliable and fast data transfer solution for multiple USB devices.
Pros:
- High-speed data transfer of up to 5 Gbps, making it ideal for large file backups and quick syncing.
- Durable design with gold-plated connectors and nylon braided jacket, ensuring long-lasting performance.
- User satisfaction reported regarding cable quality, aesthetics, and reliability across various devices.
Cons:
- Type A to Type A configuration might not be compatible with all devices, limiting usage.
- Length of 25FT may be excessive for small spaces, making it less convenient for some setups.
- Price could be higher compared to standard USB cables, potentially deterring budget-conscious consumers.
USB 3.0 Male to Male USB Cable (3 ft)
- Up to 5 Gbps SuperSpeed for USB 3.0 data transfer, 10x faster than USB 2.0. Backwards compatible with computer USB 2.0 and USB 1.1 ports - these cables also allow...
- USB male to male cable connects a USB peripheral with a USB 3.0 type A port to a computer for speedy file transfer. It is compatible with Windows PC desktop, External...
- Awesome Quality: With a braided shield and aluminum alloy connector, Ruaeoda male to male cable is extremely durable and sturdy; Also constructed with multiple layers of...
When you need a reliable and efficient way to transfer data between USB devices, the USB 3.0 Male to Male USB Cable (3 ft) stands out as an excellent choice. Designed for versatility, it connects hard drives, laptops, and even cameras seamlessly.
You’ll appreciate its SuperSpeed data transfer capability, reaching up to 5 Gbps—10 times faster than USB 2.0. Plus, it’s backwards compatible, so you can connect to older USB devices without a hitch. With a braided shield and aluminum alloy connectors, expect enhanced durability and minimized signal interference. Enjoy hassle-free plug-and-play functionality for your devices!
Best For: Users looking for a fast and reliable data transfer solution that is compatible with a wide range of USB devices.
Pros:
- Supports SuperSpeed data transfer up to 5 Gbps, making it significantly faster than USB 2.0.
- Durable construction with braided shielding and aluminum alloy connectors ensures longevity and minimizes interference.
- Plug-and-play functionality allows for easy connection without the need for additional drivers.
Cons:
- Limited length of 3 feet may not be ideal for all setups, requiring careful placement of devices.
- Some users experienced delays in shipping, potentially impacting overall satisfaction.
- Compatibility issues may arise with certain older devices despite claims of being backwards compatible.
FEMORO Micro USB Cable 6ft for Android Smartphones and Tablets
- New Upgraded Design: FEMORO micro usb charger is made of quality aluminum alloy housing, high quality PVC insulated core wire, long tail design makes this micro usb more...
- Data Transfer and Fast Charging: The usb micro cable supports the usb 2.0 standard devices and provides data transfer rates up to 480Mbps, while also providing a current...
- Multi-layer Strong Shielding: Micro usb charging cable adopts 22AWG copper core, internal aluminum foil + woven net, external PVC and cotton net woven multi-layer...
The FEMORO Micro USB Cable, measuring an impressive 6 feet, is an excellent choice for Android smartphone and tablet users who need reliable data transfer and charging capabilities. With a data transfer rate of 480Mbps and 12W charging power, this cable guarantees you can charge and sync your devices simultaneously without any issues.
Its durable design, featuring an aluminum alloy housing and enhanced shielding, minimizes electromagnetic interference, making it a robust option for daily use. Compatible with a variety of devices—from Kindle to PS4—you’ll find it versatile for all your needs. Enjoy peace of mind with an 18-month warranty!
Best For: Users seeking a high-quality, reliable charging and data transfer solution for their Android smartphones and tablets.
Pros:
- Supports high-speed data transfer at 480Mbps and 12W charging power.
- Durable design with aluminum alloy housing and multi-layer shielding to resist wear and interference.
- Compatible with a wide range of devices including smartphones, tablets, and gaming consoles.
Cons:
- Micro USB is becoming less common as newer devices adopt USB-C technology.
- The 6ft length may be too long for users with limited space or who prefer shorter cables.
- Limited color options may not appeal to users looking for more aesthetic variety.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Usb Cable Data Transfer

When you’re picking a USB cable for data transfer, you’ve got several important factors to evaluate. Start with cable length, as it affects convenience and signal integrity. Don’t forget to check for compatibility with connector types, data transfer speed, power output, and overall durability—these can really impact your experience.
Cable Length Considerations
Choosing the right USB cable length dramatically influences your data transfer experience. Shorter cables, usually under 10 feet, offer better performance by minimizing signal degradation. For instance, if your devices are close, opt for a 3-foot or 6-foot cable for ideal speeds.
When you need a longer reach, such as connecting devices across a room, 10-foot cables or longer can be useful. Just make sure they’re high-quality and appropriately shielded to maintain data integrity. However, longer cables can become tripping hazards or obstruct movement, so plan your setup accordingly. Remember, balancing cable length with the environment and performance needs is key to achieving reliable data transfer. Choose wisely based on your unique setup!
Data Transfer Speed
Understanding data transfer speeds is essential for maximizing the performance of your devices, especially as digital files grow larger. USB 3.0 cables deliver speeds up to 5 Gbps, ideal for quickly moving large files like videos or high-resolution images. If you’re looking for even faster options, USB 3.1 supports up to 10 Gbps, while USB 3.2 can reach an impressive 20 Gbps.
However, actual transfer speeds depend on device compatibility and cable quality. High-quality cables with features such as gold-plated connectors and multi-layer shielding can reduce interference. When you choose a USB cable, make sure both the cable and your devices support the desired USB version to access those high-speed benefits.
Connector Types Compatibility
To guarantee seamless data transfer between your devices, you need to pay close attention to connector types. Ascertain your cable connectors match the ports on your devices—be it USB Type A, B, or C—to sidestep compatibility issues. If you’re dealing with USB 3.0 or newer versions, you’ll enjoy faster transfer rates while still being able to connect to older standards. Remember, for data transfer between two computers, a special USB transfer cable is necessary, as standard USB A to A cables won’t do the trick. Additionally, consider the specific devices you’re connecting; some cables are tailored for particular peripherals like printers or external drives. This choice directly impacts performance and capabilities like video output or fast charging.
Power Output Requirements
When it comes to selecting a USB cable for data transfer, power output requirements often become overlooked but are essential for guaranteeing ideal device performance. Some gadgets, like laptops and cooling pads, may need a maximum output of 3A to function effectively. Cables can also support varying power outputs, with some capable of delivering up to 60W for fast charging. For devices compatible with Qualcomm Quick Charge 3.0, using the right cable can substantially cut down charging time. Always verify the cable meets or exceeds your devices’ power needs to avoid overheating or damage. Opting for cables with gold-plated connectors can enhance conductivity, improving overall power output efficiency for long-term use.
Durability and Build Quality
Selecting a USB cable for data transfer isn’t just about speed and compatibility; durability and build quality play significant roles in ensuring longevity and reliable performance. Look for cables crafted with sturdy materials, like nylon braided jackets and aluminum alloy cases, which resist wear and tear exceptionally well. A robust USB cable should ideally endure over 20,000 bending cycles. Gold-plated connectors enhance resistance to corrosion, elongating the cable’s life. Additionally, multiple layers of shielding reduce electromagnetic interference, promoting stable data transmission. Reinforced SR (strain relief) molding at connectors prevents breakage, ensuring your cable stands the test of daily use. By prioritizing these features, you’ll enjoy a dependable, long-lasting connection for all your devices.
Charging Capabilities
Understanding charging capabilities is essential for making an informed choice about your USB cable, especially if you want maximum performance. Look for cables supporting up to 3A for efficient charging; this guarantees your device operates smoothly. Higher-quality cables might offer fast charging features, like Qualcomm Quick Charge, which enables quicker power delivery for compatible devices. Pay attention to the wire gauge; thicker wires typically handle higher currents, enhancing both data transfer and charging speed. Furthermore, different USB standards affect charging efficiency—USB 3.0 and above tend to deliver faster rates. Finally, always use a charger that meets the cable’s power output to prevent overheating and guarantee peak performance. Your devices will thank you!
Design and Aesthetics
The design of a USB cable plays an essential role in its overall functionality and user experience. Cables featuring nylon braiding and reinforced connectors offer improved durability, resisting bending and wear over time. Aesthetics also matter; choosing a cable that complements your devices can enhance your setup. Colors and finishes can make a significant difference, and gold-plated connectors not only boost conductivity but also add an elegant touch.
Consider cable length: longer cables might need extra support to avoid tangling, while shorter ones maintain a neat appearance. Ergonomic designs, like a slim profile, improve ease of use and storage. When selecting a cable, balance style with practicality to guarantee it meets your needs effectively.
Price and Warranty Options
When it comes to choosing the right USB cable for data transfer, price and warranty options play a significant role in making a smart decision. You’ll want to evaluate how the price aligns with features such as data transfer speeds, durability, and compatibility. A longer cable typically costs more, so clarify your needs first. Look for warranty options, as they can range from one year to lifetime support. This coverage offers peace of mind against defects. Remember, lower-priced cables might lack durability or performance, leading to additional costs in the long run. Investing a bit more in a cable with reinforced designs or faster charging capabilities might save you money and hassle overall.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I Use USB a to C Cables for Charging Devices?
Yes, you can use USB A to C cables for charging devices. These cables allow you to connect your phone, tablet, or other devices to a USB A power source, like a laptop or wall charger. Just make certain that your device supports charging via USB-C. For example, if you have a new smartphone with USB-C, you’ll benefit from faster charging speeds when connected to a compatible USB A charger.
Are All USB Cables Compatible With Every Device Type?
Not all USB cables are compatible with every device type. For instance, USB-A connectors work with older devices, while USB-C is common in newer tech. Some cables only support charging, not data transfer. If you’re using a USB-C cable with a micro USB device, it won’t fit. Always check the specifications of your devices to guarantee you’re using the right cable for the best performance and connection capabilities.
What Is the Maximum Length for Optimal Data Transfer Performance?
When you’re transferring data, the length of your USB cable can make a difference. Generally, a cable up to 3 meters provides reliable performance for most devices. Shorter cables, like 1 meter, minimize signal degradation, ensuring faster speeds, especially during high-volume transfers. If you need to extend beyond this, look for active cables designed to maintain signal integrity over longer distances. For example, consider using a 5-meter active USB cable for stability and speed.
Do USB Cables Affect Charging Speed When Used for Data Transfer?
Yes, USB cables can impact charging speed during data transfer. If you’re using a cable designed for data, it might prioritize data integrity over charging. For instance, a standard USB-A to USB-C cable may charge slower than a dedicated fast-charging USB-C cable. To guarantee peak performance, choose cables that support both high-speed data transfer and rapid charging to keep your devices powered up while syncing.
How Do I Determine the Cable’s Data Transfer Speed Before Purchasing?
To figure out a cable’s data transfer speed before buying, check its specifications. Look for USB standards like USB 3.0 or USB-C, which typically support higher speeds. For example, USB 3.0 offers up to 5 Gbps, while USB 3.1 can reach 10 Gbps. Also, read user reviews to confirm real-world performance. If possible, ask about the cable’s construction to guarantee reliability during data transfer.